Editing Techniques in film


 Establishing shot:

An establishing shot is used to introduce new scenes to the viewers, indicating the location, time and context of what is happening. These shots often show obvious signals of a time and/or location. They are normally shot from high up to get as much of the location as possible in shot in order to set the scene clearly for the audience. Establishing shots, if taken correctly, can give the viewer a general idea of the genre and atmosphere of the movie as well as the time period. To conclude the main purpose of an establishing shot is to provide context.

Example: Lord of the rings Establishing shot

Temporal overlap:

A temporal overlap is where an action is repeated but from a different point of view; for example, in a fight scene, a character may narrowly miss being hit, this would then be shown again from a different perspective. Temporal overlaps are used to build suspense and to emphasise importance.

Kuleshov effect:

The kuleshov effect was invented by a soviet film maker called Lev Kuleshov, this is a mental phenomenon where the viewer establishes more meaning from two sequential shots rather than just one shot.

Example: Kuleshov effect

Shot/reverse shot:

Shot/reverse shot is used to show emotion and reaction, typically within a dialogue. It is used. to edit two shots together that alternate between characters to show the dialogue from the perspective of both characters. This technique, however, isn't always used purely for dialogue; sometimes it may be used to show the reaction/emotion of one of the characters to something the other character may be doing or saying.

Example:Shot/reverse shot Batman vs Joker the dark knight

180° rule:

180 degree rule sets an imaginary axis which is a guideline of where the camera should and shouldn't go, keeping the camera strictly to one side of this axis ensures everything/everyone on set maintains the same left/right relationship to each other, allowing the audience to understand the space of the scene much easier. When the camera goes over the axis this is known as breaking the line and often creates a disorienting/distracting effect for the viewer.



30° rule:

The 30 degree rule is where the camera should move a minimum of 30 degrees to prevent jarring the transitions between shots, this helps to enable continuity in larger sequences.

Match on action:

Match on action is a technique used to create continuity, this is where an action will begin from one position and then will cut to the next shot where the action will be continued  but from a different position. for example a character could be filmed opening the door to leave from inside a house and then it would cut to the next shot where the character is exiting the house but they will be shown leaving from outside the house. 

Example: Match on action The matrix

Crosscutting/parallel:

Crosscutting is a technique used to show two actions that are happening at the same time, this consists of the camera cutting from one action to another, making the audience interpret this as two actions happening simultaneously in different places. This can help to engage the viewer as it may seem more intense and can progress the plot faster whilst still being interesting.

Example: Crosscutting The silence of the lambs

Eisentein montage:


Metric Montage

Metric montage is a montage style where the shot is cut based on the length/measurement rather than the content of the scene, this is used to cut from shot to shot after a certain amount of frames despite in scene action.

Rhythmic Montage

Whereas rhythmic montage focuses on the rhythm of action on scene which is equal to the actual length of the shot; this removes unexpected jumps from shot to shot.

Tonal Montage

Tonal Montage hones in on emotions of characters that are sequenced with other shots. This happens with the use of at least two shots relating to each other with a common theme that can invoke empathy or emotion from the viewer.

Intellectual Montage

Intellectual montage creatively uses images to create metaphors and meaning so as the audience may understand the sequence.


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